2022 population: 1,116,857 ( 11,190 from 2010 , 1,558 from 2020)
Land area: 4488.7 square miles
Population density: 248.8 persons per square mile

2022 Census data
White:	681,170	60.99%	7.2%
Black:	341,541	30.58%	7.7%
Indian:	2,732	0.24%	4.4%
Asian:	19,602	1.76%	39.3%
2+ races:	15,374	1.38%	40.4%
Hispanic:	56,438	5.05%	16.3%

Total non-White:	435,687	39.01%	10.5%

2020-2022 Components	Number	Rate
Births:	28,403	12.7
Deaths:	30,932	13.9
Net Migration:	2,272	1.0
Net Immigration:	1,549	0.7

Change in White population:	-52,486	-4.7
Change in Non-White pop.:	41,296	3.7

Race Breakdown with Components of Population Change

[Display all years]

Year:

Total population:

White:

Black:

Indian:

Asian:

2+ races:

Hispanic:

Total non-White:

2010
1,128,047
733,656	65.04%
317,019	28.10%
2,857	0.25%
14,067	1.25%
10,948	0.97%
48,530	4.30%
394,391	34.96%

2000
1,052,238
726,196	69.01%
289,082	27.47%
2,554	0.24%
7,960	0.76%
7,397	0.70%
18,567	1.76%
326,042	30.99%

1990
956,844
694,332	72.56%
252,003	26.34%
2,104	0.22%
4,583	0.48%
n/a
3,822	0.40%
262,512	27.44%

1980
930,281
674,772	72.53%
244,988	26.33%
1,155	0.12%
2,365	0.25%
n/a
6,684	0.72%
255,509	27.47%

1970
833,075
599,663	71.98%
229,222	27.52%
463	0.06%
569	0.07%
n/a
2,935	0.35%
233,412	28.02%

Decade:

Components:

Births:

Deaths:

Net Migration:

Net Immigration:

Change in White population:

Change in Non-White pop.:

Number	Rate
2000's
139,887	13.3
101,637	9.7
26,934	2.6
14,898	1.4

7,460	0.7
68,349	6.5

Number	Rate
1990's
144,486	15.1
102,461	10.7
34,407	3.6
4,605	0.5

31,864	3.3
63,530	6.6

Number	Rate
1980's
142,255	15.3
91,990	9.9
-16,277	-1.7
n/a

19,560	2.1
7,003	0.8

Number	Rate
1970's
n/a
n/a
29,957	3.6
n/a

75,109	9.0
22,097	2.7

Age, Family & Household Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

[Display all years]

Year:

Median Age:

Under 18:

Voting Age Population:

Over 65:

Households:

Persons Per HH:

Families (%HH):

Married Couples (%Fams):

Single Mothers (%Fams):

Non-Family (%HH):

2022
Number	Percent
38.9
252,846	22.6%
864,011	77.4%
184,017	16.5%

429,181
2.53

279,605	65.1%
202,523	72.4%
27,669	9.9%
149,576	34.9%

2010
Number	Percent
37.6
269,690	23.9%
858,357	76.1%
146,139	13.0%

441,924
2.50

300,060	67.9%
213,233	71.1%
34,388	11.5%
141,864	32.1%

2000
Number	Percent
36.0
263,290	25.0%
788,948	75.0%
134,694	12.8%

412,096
2.50

288,891	70.1%
216,430	74.9%
31,857	11.0%
123,205	29.9%

1990
Number	Percent
33.8
244,005	25.5%
712,839	74.5%
126,441	13.2%

362,763
2.59

265,100	73.1%
207,742	78.4%
24,135	9.1%
97,663	26.9%

1980
Number	Percent
30.5
263,331	28.3%
666,950	71.7%
109,428	11.8%

332,194
2.77

253,783	76.4%
207,362	81.7%
21,310	8.4%
78,411	23.6%

2022 Housing Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

Household Income
Range	Number	%
Less than $10,000	24,810	5.8%
$10,000 to $14,999	18,832	4.4%
$15,000 to $19,999	16,317	3.8%
$20,000 to $24,999	17,355	4.0%
$25,000 to $29,999	17,612	4.1%
$30,000 to $34,999	16,878	3.9%
$35,000 to $39,999	17,352	4.0%
$40,000 to $44,999	15,337	3.6%
$45,000 to $49,999	15,874	3.7%
$50,000 to $59,999	30,379	7.1%
$60,000 to $74,999	41,550	9.7%
$75,000 to $99,999	54,581	12.7%
$100,000 to $124,999	39,954	9.3%
$125,000 to $149,999	28,944	6.7%
$150,000 to $199,999	33,835	7.9%
$200,000 or more	39,571	9.2%

Median Household Income	69,056
Per Capita Income	38,247

Cost of Living Index (100 = average)
Compared to U.S.	91

Welfare Households
	Number	%
SSI	27,083	6.3%
Public Assistance	6,175	1.4%
Public Asst. or Food Stamps	51,380	12.0%

Labor Force, Ages 25-64
	Number	%
Employed	465,954	69.0%
Unemployed	24,486	3.6%
In Armed Forces	1,025	0.2%

Total Labor Force	491,465	72.8%
Not in Labor Force	184,069	27.2%

Real Unemployment Rate		30.9%

Class of Worker
	Male	Female	% Male
Private Sector	195,025	160,648	54.8%
Non-Profit	13,655	29,897	31.4%
Self-Employed	28,004	16,142	63.4%

Local Government	14,894	20,817	41.7%
State Government	10,495	15,570	40.3%
Federal Government	5,287	7,058	42.8%

Total Private + Self	223,029	176,790	55.8%
Total Non-Profit + Govt.	44,331	73,342	37.7%
Total	267,360	250,132	51.7%

Pct. Govt.	14.3%

Occupation
	Number	%
Management, Business, Science, Arts	84,754	16.3%
Sales and Office Occupations	110,142	21.2%
Professional, Technical	127,796	24.6%
Service Occupations	78,510	15.1%
Farming, Forestry, Fishing	1,235	0.2%
All others	117,310	22.6%

White Collar		62.2%

Industry
	Number	%
Health care and social assistance	78,880	69.5%
Retail trade	56,886	50.1%
Manufacturing	51,676	45.5%
Educational services	45,496	40.1%
Finance and insurance	35,828	31.6%
Construction	35,650	31.4%
Professional, scientific, technical	33,649	29.6%
Accommodation and food services	33,072	29.1%
Other services	27,157	23.9%
Transportation and warehousing	22,675	20.0%
Public administration	22,409	19.7%
Administrative, support, waste mgmt.	20,158	17.8%
Wholesale trade	16,348	14.4%
Real estate and rental and leasing	9,418	8.3%
Utilities	8,827	7.8%
Information	8,436	7.4%
Arts, entertainment, recreation	7,190	6.3%
Mining, quarrying, oil/gas extraction	2,172	1.9%
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting	1,874	1.7%
Management	711	0.6%

Hispanic Breakdown
Country	Number	%
Mexican	34,974	3.14%
Puerto Rican	3,664	0.33%
Cuban	1,701	0.15%
Dominican	207	0.02%

Total Central American	5,868	0.53%
Costa Rican	108	0.01%
Guatemalan	1,604	0.14%
Honduran	1,522	0.14%
Nicaraguan	139	0.01%
Panamanian	383	0.03%
Salvadoran	1,932	0.17%
Other Central American	180	0.02%

Total South American	3,239	0.29%
Argentinean	238	0.02%
Bolivian	37	0.00%
Chilean	369	0.03%
Colombian	767	0.07%
Ecuadorian	347	0.03%
Paraguayan	10	0.00%
Peruvian	285	0.03%
Uruguayan	0	0.00%
Venezuelan	1,156	0.10%
Other South American	30	0.00%

Other Hispanic	3,852	0.35%

Asian Breakdown
Country	Number	%
Indian	5,231	0.47%
Chinese	3,950	0.35%
Vietnamese	2,124	0.19%
Korean	1,462	0.13%
Filipino	1,267	0.11%
Japanese	398	0.04%
Taiwanese	317	0.03%
Malaysian	264	0.02%
Thai	176	0.02%

Language Spoken at Home
Language	Number	%
English	984,066	93.8%
Spanish	41,660	4.0%
Other Indo-European	6,205	0.6%
Chinese	2,984	0.3%
Arabic	2,290	0.2%
Other Asian	2,127	0.2%
Other	2,022	0.2%
German, other Germanic	1,761	0.2%
Vietnamese	1,490	0.1%

Ancestry
Country	Number	%
American	135,034	12.1%
English	117,410	10.5%
Irish	81,166	7.3%
German	63,303	5.7%
Scottish	23,833	2.1%
Italian	21,827	2.0%
European	20,823	1.9%
Scotch-Irish	15,053	1.4%
French	14,554	1.3%
African	12,903	1.2%
British	6,551	0.6%
Polish	5,775	0.5%
Dutch	5,728	0.5%
Welsh	5,641	0.5%
Norwegian	3,632	0.3%

Citizenship & Nativity
	Number	%
U.S. citizen	1,088,101	97.6%
Not a citizen	26,267	2.4%

Native	1,070,578	96.1%
Foreign-born	43,790	3.9%

Educational Attainment, Population 25 Years and Older
22,732	3.0%	52,149	6.8%	206,897	27.1%	223,807	29.3%	158,617	20.8%	98,627	12.9%
Average years of education: 13.7

Population 25 Years and Older
< 9 Years	22,732	3.0%
9-12 Years	52,149	6.8%
H.S. Grad or GED	206,897	27.1%
Some College	223,807	29.3%
Bach. Degree	158,617	20.8%
Grad Degree	98,627	12.9%
Average years of education: 13.7

Labor Force Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Year	Labor Force	Employed	Unemployed	Unemp. Rate	State Avg.
1990	860,266	815,938	44,328	5.2%
1991	865,274	816,684	48,590	5.6%
1992	882,698	829,124	53,574	6.1%
1993	894,248	844,696	49,552	5.5%
1994	915,086	874,746	40,340	4.4%
1995	934,918	896,688	38,230	4.1%
1996	949,796	917,816	31,980	3.4%
1997	977,124	944,072	33,052	3.4%
1998	990,798	960,056	30,742	3.1%
1999	997,338	965,854	31,484	3.2%

2000	997,968	960,052	37,916	3.8%
2001	996,742	955,382	41,360	4.1%
2002	990,626	941,510	49,116	5.0%
2003	995,658	945,256	50,402	5.1%
2004	1,000,266	952,402	47,864	4.8%
2005	998,966	958,472	40,494	4.1%
2006	1,012,254	975,362	36,892	3.6%
2007	1,013,312	976,828	36,484	3.6%
2008	1,008,556	956,444	52,112	5.2%
2009	994,274	901,678	92,596	9.3%

2010	1,025,502	927,958	97,544	9.5%
2011	1,031,790	943,390	88,400	8.6%
2012	1,027,942	955,476	72,466	7.0%
2013	1,027,306	962,714	64,592	6.3%
2014	1,021,940	962,212	59,728	5.8%
2015	1,017,234	962,112	55,122	5.4%
2016	1,016,014	961,294	54,720	5.4%
2017	1,023,718	981,482	42,236	4.1%
2018	1,043,120	1,006,804	36,316	3.5%
2019	1,055,176	1,026,528	28,648	2.7%

2020	1,046,060	988,824	57,236	5.5%
2021	1,070,706	1,037,882	32,824	3.1%
2022	1,083,280	1,057,778	25,502	2.4%
2023	1,090,054	1,065,336	24,718	2.3%

Housing Data
	Number	%
Housing Units	489,442
Median Value	$213,711

Occupied	429,181	87.7%
Vacant	60,261	12.3%

Owned	301,133	70.2%
Rented	128,048	29.8%
Median Rent	$1,082

Single-Family Units	357,287	73.0%
Detached	343,717	70.2%
Attached	13,570	2.8%
Buldings with 5+ Units	72,952	14.9%
Mobile Homes	38,885	7.9%

Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

Race Breakdown with Components of Population Change

Age, Family & Household Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2022 Housing Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2022 Income & Employment Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2022 Ancestry, Citizenship & Language Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

2022 Educational Attainment Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area

Historical Labor Force Data for Birmingham-Hoover, AL Metro Area