RightDataUSA


James Howard

[Congressional biography]

Born: July 24, 1927 in Irvington, NJ
Died: March 25, 1988 in Spring Lake Heights, NJ

Education:

  • St. Bonaventure University, 1952
  • Rutgers University, M.Ed, 1958

Military Service:

  • U.S. Navy, 1944-1946

Career:

  • School teacher/principal, 1952-1964


Election Results for James Howard


Click on the Year to see the results of that election.

YearAgeStatePartyOfficeDistrictStagePosVotes%
1964 36 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 9,986 100.0%
1964 36 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 105,803 50.4%
1966 38 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 17,717 100.0%
1966 38 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 81,382 52.7%
1968 40 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 12,910 100.0%
1968 40 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 113,587 57.8%
1970 42 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 14,820 100.0%
1970 42 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 87,973 55.2%
1972 44 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 13,668 100.0%
1972 44 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 103,893 53.0%
1974 46 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 11,480 100.0%
1974 46 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 105,979 68.9%
1976 48 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 21,664 100.0%
1976 48 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 127,164 62.1%
1978 50 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 19,773 100.0%
1978 50 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 83,349 56.0%
1980 52 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 20,522 100.0%
1980 52 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 106,269 49.9%
1982 54 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 18,628 100.0%
1982 54 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 104,055 62.3%
1984 56 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 23,278 91.0%
1984 56 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 122,291 53.3%
1986 58 NJ D U.S. House District 03 Primary 1 11,684 95.2%
1986 58 NJ D U.S. House District 03 General 1 73,743 58.7%


Age: Age as of July 1 of the year pertaining to this election.



Ideology Data for James Howard


Click on the number in the 'Conserv.' column to see all of the key votes for that year.

YearAgeBodyConservative
Coalition		Party UnityPresidential
Support		Vote %LiberalConserv.
P
1965 37 House 0 96 94 2 D 92 3 95 89 6
1966 38 House 3 70 69 3 D 69 4 71 82 12
1967 39 House 7 80 85 3 D 87 6 84 93 7
1968 40 House 2 80 70 5 D 75 13 81 83 5
1969 41 House 4 84 75 5 R 43 40 74 86 20
1970 42 House 11 82 86 7 R 66 31 92 82 0
1971 43 House 5 83 83 7 R 25 67 89 94 0
1972 44 House 10 84 88 9 R 49 38 92 80 0
1973 45 House 6 89 87 8 R 20 71 92 92 18
1974 46 House 10 57 63 6 R 26 45 70 65* 7
1975 47 House 8 88 92 3 R 31 64 89 89* 3
1976 48 House 8 84 89 4 R 22 71 90 90 6
1977 49 House 9 81 82 4 D 81 9 83 78 6
1978 50 House 10 77 81 5 D 71 13 81 63 9
1979 51 House 15 80 90 6 D 73 23 95 84 13
1980 52 House 14 82 92 5 D 75 15 93 88 0
1981 53 House 19 71 86 7 R 38 54 90 82 9
1982 54 House 10 90 98 2 R 35 64 99 90 9
1983 55 House 12 79 87 3 R 18 74 88 95 5
1984 56 House 12 71 82 4 R 28 58 86 94 0
1985 57 House 9 89 94 3 R 21 76 97 90 0
1986 58 House 20 78 93 4 R 21 78 97 85 5
1987 59 House 16 74 86 3 R 18 78 90 92 0
1988 60 House 9 0 R 1 10 8 100 0
Lifetime conservative rating:   6%


Age: Age as of July 1 of the year pertaining to this row.


Conservative Coalition: According to the publication "Congressional Quarterly" (CQ), this is an alliance of Republicans and Southern Democrats (from back when Southern Democrats tended to be conservative or at least moderate) against Northern Democrats in Congress.

This concept had significant meaning perhaps through the 1980's. These statistics stopped being computed after 2000 because conservative Democrats no longer existed except in very rare cases. The number under the green check is the percentage of time this Representative or Senator voted with the coalition; the number under the red X is the percentage of the time he opposed the coalition. The numbers often do not add to 100% because of instances where no vote was cast.


Party Unity: According to CQ, a Party Unity vote in Congress is one in which the parties were split, with a majority of Democrats opposing a majority of Republicans.

The number under the green check is the percentage of time this Representative or Senator voted with his party; the number under the red X is the percentage of the time he opposed the party. The numbers often do not add to 100% because of instances where no vote was cast.


Presidential Support: These are votes for which the President has stated his position, either in via a message to Congress, by press conference remarks or other public statements and documents.

The number under the green check is the percentage of time this Representative or Senator voted with the President; the number under the red X is the percentage of the time he opposed the President. The numbers often do not add to 100% because of instances where no vote was cast. The "P" column indicates the party of the President in each year.


Vote %: The percentage of roll-call votes in which this Representaive or Senator participated by voting "Yes" or "No" (as opposed to "Present" or not voting at all.)


Liberal Rating: These ratings are based on key votes as identifed by the ultra-liberal advocacy organization called "Americans for Democratic Action" (ADA). They have been rating members of Congress since 1947. The number shown is the percentage of the time this Representative or Senator took the liberal position on a key issue. The methodology behind the calculation can be found here. Ratings followed by an asterisk were calculated the "ADA way" due to missing data regarding key votes in the ADA source material.


Conservative Rating: These ratings are based on key votes as identifed by the conservative advocacy organization called the "American Conservative Union" (ACU). They have been rating members of Congress since 1971. The number shown is the percentage of the time this Representative or Senator took the conservative position on a key issue.

The liberal and conservative ratings are not expected to add to 100% because the two groups use different sets of key votes to determine their ratings. Conservative ratings from 1961 through 1970 (and for 2024) were calculated based on key votes as selected by the creators of this website.