RightDataUSA


Ernest Gruening

[Congressional biography]

Born: February 6, 1887 in New York City, NY
Died: June 26, 1974 in Washington, DC

Education:

  • Harvard College, 1907, Medical School, 1912

Military Service:

  • Field Artillery Corps, 1918

Career:

  • Newspaper reporter/editor, 1912-1933
  • U.S. Interior Department, 1934-1939

Elected Office:

  • Governor of Alaska Territory, 1939-1953
  • Elected to U.S. Senate in 1955 as an advocate of Alaska statehood, but did not take the oath of office and was not accorded senatorial privileges



Election Results for Ernest Gruening


Click on the Year to see the results of that election.

YearAgeStatePartyOfficeDistrictStagePosVotes%
1958 71 AK D U.S. Senate Class 3 General 1 26,045 52.6%
1962 75 AK D U.S. Senate Class 3 Primary 1 18,525 86.3%
1962 75 AK D U.S. Senate Class 3 General 1 33,827 58.1%
1968 81 AK D U.S. Senate Class 3 Primary 2 16,015 47.1%
1968 81 AK I U.S. Senate Class 3 General 3 14,118 17.4%


Age: Age as of July 1 of the year pertaining to this election.




Ideology Data for Ernest Gruening


Click on the number in the 'Conserv.' column to see all of the key votes for that year.

YearAgeBodyConservative
Coalition
Party UnityPresidential
Support
Vote %LiberalConserv.
P
1959 72 Senate 17 70 81 7 R 25 61 88 62
1960 73 Senate 15 85 83 11 R 40 51 92 83
1961 74 Senate 20 51 72 9 D 65 10 74 90 25
1962 75 Senate 9 44 32 2 D 28 11 43 75 20
1963 76 Senate 26 65 70 11 D 60 26 85 71 13
1964 77 Senate 20 57 54 21 D 57 26 77 67 14
1965 78 Senate 15 69 60 19 D 53 28 79 76 29
1966 79 Senate 9 56 48 12 D 37 24 60 89 17
1967 80 Senate 25 52 59 16 D 41 30 70 80 23
1968 81 Senate 13 40 44 13 D 34 24 56 69 29
Lifetime conservative rating:   21%


Age: Age as of July 1 of the year pertaining to this row.



Conservative Coalition: According to the publication "Congressional Quarterly" (CQ), this is an alliance of Republicans and Southern Democrats (from back when Southern Democrats tended to be conservative or at least moderate) against Northern Democrats in Congress.

This concept had significant meaning perhaps through the 1980's. These statistics stopped being computed after 2000 because conservative Democrats no longer existed except in very rare cases. The number under the green check is the percentage of time this Representative or Senator voted with the coalition; the number under the red X is the percentage of the time he opposed the coalition. The numbers often do not add to 100% because of instances where no vote was cast.



Party Unity: According to CQ, a Party Unity vote in Congress is one in which the parties were split, with a majority of Democrats opposing a majority of Republicans.

The number under the green check is the percentage of time this Representative or Senator voted with his party; the number under the red X is the percentage of the time he opposed the party. The numbers often do not add to 100% because of instances where no vote was cast.



Presidential Support: These are votes for which the President has stated his position, either in via a message to Congress, by press conference remarks or other public statements and documents.

The number under the green check is the percentage of time this Representative or Senator voted with the President; the number under the red X is the percentage of the time he opposed the President. The numbers often do not add to 100% because of instances where no vote was cast. The "P" column indicates the party of the President in each year.



Vote %: The percentage of roll-call votes in which this Representaive or Senator participated by voting "Yes" or "No" (as opposed to "Present" or not voting at all.)



Liberal Rating: These ratings are based on key votes as identifed by the ultra-liberal advocacy organization called "Americans for Democratic Action" (ADA). They have been rating members of Congress since 1947. The number shown is the percentage of the time this Representative or Senator took the liberal position on a key issue. The methodology behind the calculation can be found here. Ratings followed by an asterisk were calculated the "ADA way" due to missing data regarding key votes in the ADA source material.



Conservative Rating: These ratings are based on key votes as identifed by the conservative advocacy organization called the "American Conservative Union" (ACU). They have been rating members of Congress since 1971. The number shown is the percentage of the time this Representative or Senator took the conservative position on a key issue.

The liberal and conservative ratings are not expected to add to 100% because the two groups use different sets of key votes to determine their ratings. Conservative ratings from 1961 through 1970 (and for 2024) were calculated based on key votes as selected by the creators of this website.